и~R
и~R1
иx߷~R
һиxһN}Ŀ~R}~R}@ӵһN}JR@~Ϳ϶ܺܿ㲻JR@~ǽ^ӌƔM˺ܶrg߀õe`ĽYfQ~R}JR@~ô~R}иxожҪ?ռ25%ϵıġOGfÿƪx}3-6~}(ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽ)Ҋ~R}Ҫ--ֻҪ~R}QˣpиxеһK֔߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrgиx~R}п~Rʲôy?6~RҲyһЩԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6@ӾͿxІ~}ķ֔ÝM
ڶxٶȵĆ}ЇиxһϵKڕrgxµٶ̫ˡfJR~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿ!
и~RҪI(y)ƫ
һиx~RƫڌI(y)|ԭ@ӣиԇǞ˿ӢZˮƽܷCڴWWI(y)֪R˿ăƫ،WgķxҲĴWnĺ׃xȡڱ~ĕrڌWg~Roһ̶ȵҕǺ
ڶиxČI(y)~Ry@cҲǺȻиһTӢZˮƽԇֲnjI(y)ԇy^ČI(y)~Rxд_Fǿ.˼Ժز³
eӣIt should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals@OGx}еһԭ䡣@Ԓеcetaceanһ^I(y)o豳Ć~ֻҪJRwhalesdolphinsmammals֪cetaceanˮ()Dz@ஔ֪cetacean˼Ҫӛmammalwhaledolphin@N^õČI(y)~Rcetacean@NƧѾڱ@NDĆ~Ǻֵܲõ
и~R2
~ֻӛι˲dzɹӛס~?
һr C
ӛи~ҪvrCҪxƽo죬Xos@NѕrCӛR˯ǰ(ji)յȡrgҪӛҲҪoԭt
ӛıCenjЩxֿڼLĆ~Ҫųηyw
~ӛܶT磺wӛDӛYxӛӛ^ӛѭh(hun)ӛӛҎ(gu)ӛEӛӛVӛȤζӛƬӛsӛȵһҪҵmԼһɷNӛҊ˼w
Ŀ
ĿĵӛסĆ~hȟowĿӛסĆ~zʵc̽ӑij}rЎׂPI~һӛס
塢^
ӛ~rҪρäĿƴӛÎ犕rgм^ԓ~ĽYҳc@ϿƺMrgHόӛ~Ў
ӛ֮ĸκMƌW.~ӛԶηӛA
@ȻXJrtgrӛ~ЧҪú̼ܶķܶʹdӵ¶Чش̼X
ˡ
̌Wֱ^̌W٬Fw˷ȫ~ӛ
š(lin)
(lin)چ~ӛ@ǺoɆġ
ʮr g
XǺƣڵģи~RӛĕrgWÿһСrԃЌWgСһ㲻Ҫ^40
и~R3
ôиx~R}иxожҪأռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}36~}ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽҊ~R}ҪԡֻҪ~R}QpиxеһK֔߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrg
иx~R}п~Rʲôyأ6~RҲyһЩԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6@ӾͿxІ~}'֔ÝM
Їиx俼һϵKڕrgxµٶ̫fJR~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿиx~R}ՌxٶҲǷdz
и~R4
һҕxиԇ˼ԇһʽӢZŽ^ƽrӰѬգҲһЩx^ҊϵϵK纆εwheel@~İl(f)һwh҂l(f)[w]Ӣаl(f)[hw]rԺεwhatwhywhite~xl(f)׃ҪJRnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]PIҪW`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱT Nl(f)TǿҎ(gu)tȥס
˿~xȻҪҕ@HPϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕h~rԓM ʽϤ~Rγ XУHHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃݷиԇfǷdzҪ
һ~RdzʽҲ^ӡܶϵȫI˺ܶs]κһ@oһNMĸе~R߀ǸWZx~RݿoֻҪXmԼľУظLܰһJ桰ԇbbI˺ܶs]J挦κһ߀粻I
ҕƴmȻ ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ϣߌŰl(f)FԼֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪYx(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС֡@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵ'l(f)Tԇr~ͿԸxӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿFĕrҵϢˡ
ҕZи ԇнFһЩҊZٵZӰ푴ҵ⣬˿ƽr˱ĸlW~R߀Zķe@Щ~Ӱ푿
Č`зeۆμ~RȫQ~}~ڲͬZкx׃xҲЏкз} 迴ҕӰr Л]W^^Ć~мJһԼČ(zhn)еĆ~Ҫe^sČI(y)~Rһ@Щ~Frжxͬx~x~гFʽVҺxЕrҲӰw}rPעһǷ@Nrae۽Q~xĽ
и~R5
и~Rdzɹ俼иԇA]ˆ~@A ZxoMӢZČWУи~Rǽ^ɺԵҪ֮
ʂ俼ии~RҪ7000-8000Ҫϵ~R˸XxµyȺyȲҪdz}ʽͬ⌦xٶҲһҪиFҪ Z͌жкܶ ݡ
yһҪƪlecture 漰I(y)~R^yһЩcʂ ^ӛPӛҲǺҪ`fZԼȥQ^낀WԞZԓɆ}ĕr߀ǺܳҪԭǿZҪں̵ܶĕrgCϿĺ IJσM^ЗlĻش@ܿZԽM͑hҪc_ʼ
һƪСҲҪxҪ ڶƪǏ}һһӳcʂOKfиĿԇL҂߀пӢZܴһҪȥܛ}һ²֪ԼҪЩlongmankaplan߀barrone
иԇ~ôk
ҪWЕrҵӢώS҂xrȻ@ĵƽr}rҪҊJRĆ~ͷֵԼĆ~~JRõ呟CеPIǻڵ~ֻҪľZ~ДǰHҲ͉и¶ǽY֔ͻÿһԒ@oՓľ߀Z϶y(tng)һ@ʹ҂ײ
ڶʾZ~һf^Ҫľˏ{һЩ¶DZ~somewhat,quite,pretty,etc.ҪW@Щ~wĦߵDĶõİס@Ĵ}rdzЎfxһڃȿσcȡ֮̎Zȵȱ^Ė|ֻھһ쾚̶ȵr²ſ\硣ҽhrgxһЩķĶģԼ@µĸX_ʼ}ԺץסһЙCȥ呟ԼyXڿБ׃֮yһҊ~ץϹӰԺİl(f)]
и~R6
һһҪÿζر
ԼȄeԱ~e֮һԼQȄeȻeÿ챳ʮ~ԼsԱһق֮һ߀ʣʮDŽeB(ti)µʮÿһق䌍l(f)F@ҪһºȻȻؾͱٻ١ ~䌣I(y)~ӛ~~ڸиI(y)ͨãtҪӛӛӛסP~M
ڶ͆~Ҋ档
һ~ܲӛסȡQںڲͬҊlÿοĕrgL̡һӛסһ~ÿҪڲͬҊĴǷһҊ鶼ǟo^ģPIиͬ͵ҊC^ҪĆ~ĵȼͬҊCķʽҲͬǧǧ@ȼ磺ӢZؿ~3500ǷdzõĆ~?gu)˱_˼Ҫһ~Rÿƪаٷ֮ʮ@Щ~R@Щ~Z(Q~)ǷָСoٷָ֮gҲ]ʲô֮̎Ė|@Щ~÷MдgĿ @܉õĻA~Rεӛס
!
ǧһf@ȼʣµİٷ֮ʮ^@ȼ~Ҫ ӿăͬҪ־xͷxɷN һӣҲǷxҪһЩxҪ̫LĿҿ~Ҫ̫࣬һƪЃJRľǧfҪһρͿӢZs־Сf~^Щ|yҿҲ~]ʲôMxҲҪֻҪrgһֱȥ@һɞһ~Rţ
ģ}Ŀб~
ܶǞ˱~~䌍õ`}Ŀ~Rӛƥtpoܛx~߅}߅ӛ~R@ЩǸl~Retsl~RԺԇҲҊ@NҲΡ
~ӢZWֻ֮Г˴ӢZ~R쾚ӢZ fxȻ~^ǺܿζģֻиDŬܵõ˵ijɿ
и~R7
apprehension n. ;
apprehensive adj. ֵ֑n]ĵ
approach n. ; vt. ӽ;̽ӑ
appropriate adj. mǡ;vt. ܿ
approve vt. ;vi. ٝͬ
approval n. ٝʽ
approximate v. ӽ;adj. sӋ
apt adj. ()ڵЃAڵ;ǡģNе
aptitude n. ;ȻA
aquatic adj. ˮ`ˮˮлˮϵ
aquarium n. ˮ^
arable adj. mڸģɸ
arbitrary adj. MƵ
arbitrator n. ٲ
arbitration n. {ͣٲ
arboreal adj. 䗫;;ľ
archaic adj. Ŵϵfģ^r
archetype adj. ԭ
и~R8
ƄиPIźܶ˶@ӵɻǼɞ߀nj?䌍иҪ100ȻҪҪ뿼100߀ҪһɵҲҪäĿɣĻȡø߷ֵĻУ~R.UȞҪoՓ xZ߀njx_~R
Ҷf~ⲻ֪ⱳDzܿXӛ͕ʧMZfٰʽچ~ӛҲһӵֻв؏ͻ룬҂~RrgxҲǺv˯ǰһСrDZ~SrgƌWоf˵ӛ˯Ԅ(yu)̎ľǾx˯Ƕӛ@rgӛeЧڵڶ峿ُһ
چ~xhͬWʹÁy@ӱ^aƣڣMʹ~Ķ^ĸl~RՓZƣعʶ֪@ӛ҂ӛҲ֮صľLjԳ־¾ǁŲ׃ֻҪܰӋԳʩÿŬ^һի@
и~R9
l(f)Ҫ
ҪJRnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]PIҪW`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱT Nl(f)TǿҎ(gu)tȥס
˿и ~RxȻҪҕ@HPϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕~rԓM ʽϤ~Rγ X`HHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥ⣬ֱӵ@ڃݷиԇfǷdzҪġ
ƴҪ
mȻи ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ߌŰl(f)FԼֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰˡ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪYx(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС֡@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵİl(f)Tԇr~ͿԸxӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿFĕrҵϢ
и~R10
и~R˼~Rи~RÁGMAT~R^Ҳи~Rȥ˼͛]І}
˼~Rи~RҲкܶĽߵĽžӢZ~Rиƫ˼ƫ(ɽֲʯʲô)(ʲôvʷ¼ʲôWƷ)߀ЌWg(У@'D^̄̎ʲô)
Ҫ˼ԒòҪи~Rʂи˼~R^(q)eķ棬һDzҪôܶ~Rò˼ĺܶ~RиҲw˼и~R]ôyͨМʂһ¾Ͳ
ϾС˼~Rи~Rʲô^(q)e@}PĽϣ@Щ܉߀ڼmYǿ˼߀иͬWw˼ҪиЩǶ߶ҪͶrgȥףԸ㿼ԇ܉ͨ^
и~R11
abandonn. ;vt. z;ŗ
accumulatevt. evi. ۷e;e
adverseadj. ;෴;(~adverseness~adversely)
amazingadj. @ v. ʹ@(amazeingʽ)
approvevi. ;ٝ;Mvt. ;ٝ;顭ṩC
assemblevt. ۼ;b;ռvi. ϣۼ
avidadj. ؝;ĵ
bartern.Q;サQ; vt. ԡ齻Q; vi. M؛Q;ӑr߀r
biographyn. ӛ;n;˺
bouldern. ʯAʯ;[
bulbn. 늟;[o;vi. o;Û
canv. _aux. ,n. ^,_
casualtyn. ¹;ˆT;\
chancen. C;\e;vt. żȻl(f);ðUvi. ;żȻl(f)F
civilianadj. õ;յƽ.n. ƽ
conceivevt. ;˼;Ԟ;vi. ;O;]
consecutiveadj. B؞;Bm(x)
conventionn. ;T;s;f(xi);
crabn. зƢ;ؙCvt. Թ;Ɖ;ʹƫvi. з;l(f)};Թ
curriculumn.n
defendv.l(wi)(ҵ);oʹ
detectv.l(f)Xl(f)Fz
disciplinen. W;o;Ӗ;Pvt. ӖӖ;ͽ
divertvt. D;ʹg;ʹDvi. D
dynamicadj. ӑB(ti);;W;лn. ӑB(ti);
emanatevt. l(f)ɢvi. l(f);ɢl(f);l(f)Դ
и~R12
1. ˣWg͵иxFľǸNƌWisterYβӶࡣ
磺anthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistzoologistgeographerastronomer
(WңŌWWWWңČW)
@~RҟoӛסƴֻҪxгFԱJ挦δ֪Č~rҪДǂWƣźMһ
2. |ò@иxWgбغܴhҌ~RMзeۡ
磺volcanolayerconglomeratekarstporouspermeablemeteoroliteasteroid
ɽ()[r˹صò(ʯ?gu)rһN)(cˮ)ɝBģEʯС
3. cB(ti)c͵PԒ}иxhČ
磺unpredictablevaryrange fromextinctionendangeredtropicaljungleequatorial
Ay׃(~)׃(~)^lΣᎧģ
4. vʷţ@}Ƿˮ݆DČҲҪע⡣ǚvʷµĿdžμvǏĸкܶ.FʽǹwǾvʷQͽͨ\ݔİl(f)չǾǽʷȵȡ
relicsremainsmausoleumhandicraftcohesivenessterritorialcivilization
zEzEĹֹˇƷI
5. PI~@~ܲ@ǕӵĺxҪעČһЩзǰY~ǿ϶xһЩȫ]з~Yĸ~sĚ!
磺rarelymerelyundeniable
и~R13
һ.~
иZԇе~ڿԇʮҪ~ھпÁZeZZȵҾӵҪxͨ^~wFܶrٲ˽ı_ԭǣ~ķeޣǡʹ~R_Լ挍˼Խhڂ俼ĕreһЩиZԇгõһЩ~Raccountadditionadvertisementȵ]xиZ~һق
.~
~x~ϵ~~B(ti)~ȿÁʾZĠB(ti)ҲÁʾZ^m(x)ֵһNrߑB(ti)Щ~߀Á_ĸʴ_ʹÄ~_Ե.Ŀܶ~mȻ_˼dz̶ȅsȫͬԿڿԇһҪǡʹ~RcиZԇгõĄ~鿴~
.~
~ҪÁ茑~ߴ~ʾ˻|B(ti)~ZZaZߠZͨҪ~֮ǰҶ~б^ȼʹݵĕrҪ쾚~ı^׃Ҏ(gu)tеݵı^@~֮er@~֮estҪע@һcc˳õиZ~鿴~
.~
ӢZеĴ~Է֞˷Q~Iheȵ~~ָʾ~Ɇ~whowhomȵZeZZZҲÁZľeZľͱZľǿиZԇнʹô~`^(q)ܶڿԇĕrҕ~lDQǴ~ڡԄeϲcָһڡδcָһ£ǡˆ}ȵȶ³Fe`ԿһҪע~ʹá
иZԇҪʹô~RƽrһҪעe}Mо!
и~R14
ڳиĂ俼AźܶͬWоھWռһЩ俼YϺиԇļͬr@^҂ҲǶܶĂ俼ɺͿԇCȻиԇ^@ЩDZزٵ҂߀ҪѴҪԼи俼A~RҪһh(hun)(ji)и~Rĭh(hun)(ji)҂߀עܶ༚(ji)Ҫc҂́һPעһ~RиԇжҪ
иԇ~RȡںܶиԇČWfҿDZ^ϲgһЩ߷ֿĂ俼J@ӿǕoԼٵ.俼@ֵѴҵľoՓӵļɣ~RAҪĭh(hun)(ji)oՓӵĸ߷֣ӺõĻA~RDZزٵăݡJ鼼ɾǸ㶨иԇôСվԸVңиĿԇYo㎧KʹĽӖ
ͬrڜʂи~R^Լ~RAλҲǷdzҪһ^ڂ俼и^ھWϵһЩ俼ɺ͂俼ǽhҿԶTPOľ}Ȼ@ӵĽhě]e҂߀ǑԓԼĻAλڂ俼rWӢZļ~R߀RRôRTPO}ĿǷdzyҲf]~RĻA}Ŀfo
SFиgԽԽСܶгЌW_ʼиԇҲfڵIĿfҪRиԇf~RҪȥ挦һЌWfڂ俼иĕrҪ挦и~RǸӢZ~+Wļ~+и~һЌWfҪ挦~R~RǷdzҲҪĕrgʂ䡣
и~R15
sea
high seas, open sea h
ocean
inlet С
bay ,
gulf
cove
cape
promontory, headland ,
cliff ͱ
port, harbour (:harbor)
bay, roadstead ֲ̎
sandbank ɳ
beach, shore
strait {
isthmus ؍{
reef ʯ
key
sandbar ɳ
tide
wave
undertow ^
tempest L
ground swell ӿ
seaquake ,[
low water ˮλ
и~RP£
и~R07-14
A_^и~R10-29
иرl~R20006-28
2022иxPĸl~R11-25
иibtиʲô^(q)e08-13
иxԇʽ ô俼иxԇ10-20
иZh08-05
иWӋ11-03
ʲôиԇ 俼иԇ09-23
иӢZ 08-04