英語(yǔ)基本句型學(xué)習(xí)
英語(yǔ)作為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的重要科目,語(yǔ)法和句型的掌握是構(gòu)建語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵。以下是小編整理的英語(yǔ)基本句型學(xué)習(xí),希望對(duì)大家有所辦幫助。

基本句型
英語(yǔ)句子看上去紛繁龐雜,但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子。換言之,絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下:
(說明:S=主語(yǔ),V=謂語(yǔ),P=表語(yǔ),O=賓語(yǔ),o=間接賓語(yǔ),C=賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
Ⅰ. 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞(SV)
在此句式中,v是不及物動(dòng)詞,又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi.)。例如:
Everybody laughed.
大家都笑了。
、. 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) (SVP)
在此句式中,v是系動(dòng)詞(link v.),常見的系動(dòng)詞有:look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall ill/asleep, stand/sit still, become, turn等。例如:
The story sounds interesting.
這個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。
Ⅲ. 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) (SVO)
在此句式中,v是及物動(dòng)詞(vt.),因此有賓語(yǔ)。例如:
I love apples.
我喜歡蘋果。
、. 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(SVoO)
在此句式中,v是帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常見的須帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get等。例如:
I gave him my address.
我告訴他我的地址。
Ⅴ. 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(SVOC)
在此句式中,v是有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。例如:
I found the box empty.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的。
英語(yǔ)基本句型語(yǔ)法
英語(yǔ)的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu):
主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 (SV)
主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞 (SVC)
主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) (SVO)
主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)(SVOD)
主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(SVOC)
1. S + V
He works. He is studying.
、 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vi.) + 狀語(yǔ)(從句)
The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere
② 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vi.) + 名詞短語(yǔ)
We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.
2. S + V + C
He is a student / in yellow / there…
、 主語(yǔ) + be + 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)由下列詞充當(dāng):名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、從句等
、 主語(yǔ) + 其它連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)這些連系動(dòng)詞包括:appear, continue, feel, go(變成), keep, lie(處于…狀態(tài)), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn
Bob lay sick.
His dream comes true.
3. S + V + O
An idea struck me.
、 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(v. + prep)+賓語(yǔ)
It depends on the weather. 備用詞:act as, agree on / with / to,
arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,
prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about
、 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(v. + adv.)+賓語(yǔ)
I thought over the plan. I thought it over.
備用詞:bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in
NOTICE: v + adv. + prep.
get along with, add up to, do away with,
break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with
v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,
take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in
③ 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+介詞+賓語(yǔ)
The teacher punished him for being late.
Congratulate him on his success.
Compare this with that.
4. S + V + O + D (間接賓語(yǔ)由代詞和名詞充當(dāng))
、 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)
Will you lend me your pen, please ?
She bought him many toys.
② 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) + 介詞 + 代詞或名詞
Will you lend your pen to me, please ?
She bought many toys for him.
備用詞:pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave
5. S + V + O + C 賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間的關(guān)系有兩種:主表關(guān)系;
主謂關(guān)系。賓語(yǔ)可由形容詞、副詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)
主表:① I find the book interesting. (主謂賓+形容詞)
② I saw him there. (主謂賓+副詞)
、 I found the book on the desk.(主謂賓+介詞)
④ We elected him monitor. (主謂賓+名詞)
主謂:①They saw the thief running away. (主謂賓 + 現(xiàn)在分詞)
、赪here did you see him knocked down?(主謂賓+過分詞)
、 What makes you think so ?(主謂賓+動(dòng)詞不定式)
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